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By dr rend-san
27 Jun 2010

Ascending versus Descending (Hematogenous) Infection

Most urinary tract infections are believed to arise by the ascending route after entry via the urethral meatus. This is by far the most common route of infection in the female and in association with instrumentation, in both sexes. It now generally accepted that bacteria ascend the urinary stream by simple Brownian movement and can reach the kidney in the absence of alteration of urine flow.

Some workers have postulated that there may be a pathway from the intestines to the kidney by way of lymphatic channels. According to Beeson’s review, direct lymphatic channels have not been convincingly demonstrated between the appendix and cecum and right kidney. Some investigators report passage of Indian ink particles from the lower to upper tract in animals but this remains to be confirmed.

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By dr rend-san
25 Jun 2010

Male Reproductive System

The reproductive system has a unique biologic purpose and colorful psychologic side effects. The reproductive system differs fundamentally from the other body systems because its purpose is to ensure survival of the species rather than the individual. The reproductive apparatus in the male includes the testes, seminal ducts, seminal vesicles, certain glands, the urethra and the penis.

Testes
In the fetus, however, they lie within the lower abdominal cavity until about 2 months before birth, when they descend into the scrotum. The interior of testis is divided by fibrous partitions into a number of wedge shaped lobes, each containing one to three seminiferous tubeles. These tubeles eventually become the ductus epididymis. This structure, located on the back of the testis, in turn gives rise to the ductus deferens. Also called the vas deferens, or seminal duct, the ductus deferens ascends the back border of the testis and enters the abdominal cavity, where it travels several inches before joining the seminal vesicle

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By dr rend-san
19 Jun 2010

Sexual Transmitted Diseases

Sexual Transmitted Diseases or venereal disease refers only to infections that are causing symptoms. STDs are transmitted through vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. STDs can also be transmitted via the use of IV drug needles, childbirth or breastfeeding.Public health authorities estimate that some 10 million cases of STDs occurs annually in The United States, 85 % of these in 15 to 30 year old and almost 65% of all STD infections affect people under the age of 25 Many STDs can be transmitted without sexual contact, although this is not common.

For example, scabies or crab lice may be acquired by sleeping in contaminated bedsheets or by engaging in sexual foreplay; syphilis may be transmitted by  skin to skin contact if the chancre ( the primary lesion) is present. A lab technician working with STDs can become accidentally infected through a skin  cut, and thousands of babies are born yearly with an STD. Other factors, such as emotional tension, drug use. Or pregnancy, can also trigger a genital infection. Herpes infection are found in celibates.

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By dr rend-san
15 Jun 2010

Anemia, Deficiency in Red Blood Cells or Hemoglobin

Anemia may be defined as a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin or both. Anemia is serious because of the impaired ability of the blood to carry oxygen. As a result the cells degenerate, especially those of the nervous sxtem. This explains such early symptoms as disinterest, fatigue, and loss of energy. There are various kinds of anemia. For example, blood loss anemia is a result of hemorrhage or the chronic loss of blood.

Although the bone marrow may be able to maintain a nearly normal red blood count, the iron stores of the body become progressively decreased. Accordingly, this type of anemia is marked not only by a decrease in the number of red blood cells but also by a severe drop in hemoglobin.

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By dr rend-san
13 Jun 2010

Erythema Multiforme Occurs Chiefly In Infants And Younger Patients

Erythema multiforme occurs chiefly in infants and younger patients, appearing symmetrically on the extensor surfaces of the upper, more rarely of the lower, extremities. The first lesions consist of patches and papules which are at first red but later turn bluish red in the center. The bluish red centers often turn into blisters. The lesions may coalesce; in other cases a new bright red margin develops around the old one after the latter has turned brownish or bluish, resulting in lesions of concentric rings.

In some cases vesiculation is pronounced and affects chiefly the oral or genital mucous membranes ; this form has been differentiated as stevens-johnson syndrome, but is probably only a very severe form of erythema multiforme, with high fever. The skin changes are often accompanied by articular pains. Idiopathic erythema multiforme may recur, especially in the spring and autumn.

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Hysterical Aphonia

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Hysterical aphonia is a functional disorder. It is not organic laryngeal paralysis. Patient with hysterical aphonia can not adduct the vocal cords when attempting to speak. Psychogenic condition subh  [ ... ]


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